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Asbestos was used for many years in building construction. It occurs naturally as a fiber. These individual fibers are so small they are invisible to the naked eye. Most asbestos is not hazardous in its original, undisturbed state. Once it is disturbed, it releases asbestos fibers. Asbestos was used in boiler and pipe insulation, plasters, floor tile, electrical insulation, and as a fireproofing material on structural members in buildings. It has also been sprayed on ceilings and walls as acoustic insulation.
In the mid 1970s several types of asbestos were banned by the EPA, due to the concern of the health effects, more specifically cancer, associated with exposure. Symptoms of asbestos related diseases do not occur soon after exposure. Those who are sick today because of asbestos may have been exposed up to 40 years ago. Controlling exposures now will prevent disease and suffering decades later.
The removal of asbestos, otherwise known as abatement, is usually done during remodeling, renovation or maintenance inside enclosures to prevent the fibers from spreading. Workers wear respirators and disposable coveralls to protect themselves during the process. To prevent any attached fibers from getting into the surrounding air, the coveralls are immediately disposed of when the worker exits. When a job has been completed, samples of the surrounding air are analyzed under a phase-contrast microscope. Based upon the results, the area is either cleared or re-cleaned and re-sampled. If the area is declared "clear," it is opened to normal occupancy and all warning signs are removed.
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Together with Eastern Shore Maryland and Virginia, Delaware occupies the Delmarva peninsula. It lies on the northeast of the peninsula, facing the Delaware River, which broadens into Delaware Bay; the bay in turn joins the Atlantic Ocean at Cape Henlopen. Delaware is sometimes called the Diamond State, a reference to its small size but relative wealth. With the Delaware River and Bay along its entire eastern edge, no place in the narrow state is far from water.
Many small rivers flow across the state, some flowing E to the Delaware, others W across Maryland to the Chesapeake. In the north the Christina and Brandywine flow into the Delaware; in the south the Nanticoke flows SW to Chesapeake Bay. The land is low-lying, from sand dunes in the south to little hills on the Pennsylvania border in the north; the average elevation is c.60 ft (18 m), and the highest point, NW of Wilmington on the Pennsylvania border, is only 440 ft (134 m). The capital is Dover, and the only large city is Wilmington.
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